I would like to conclude a new contract with higher DSL performance but I don't really know if it is worth taking DSL with 250 instead of 100. Would I notice anything in normal use (online games, Netflix / other stream providers, normal surfing)?
No, only if you download a lot or have a lot of devices on the net.
You would only notice something when you download a game / movie.
Hmm that means that I could just as well order a 16er cable? So the internet would be as fast as it is now (50) and it's all about upload / download?
You have no other advantages apart from the higher uplink and downlink. This also means faster internet, but the pages shouldn't load for long.
Measure speed https://www.wieistmeineip.de/
At Telekom, see what performance is actually possible.
Then you should have more clarity. In my experience, the connections hardly bring anything, because mostly one speaks of max power, that is, what is technically possible for you can be well below the max value. You will pay like maximum.
If 100 MB is running, that should be enough, so measure first. And be careful with topic 5G:
https://www.spiegel.de/netzwelt/gadgets/vodafone-und-telekom-versprechen-5g-mobilfunk-fuer-millionen-a-7c940c21-7865-48ae-bfbc-1a599cacaf01
16mbit may be a bit too weak for TV streaming. But 50mbit works
If you live alone, 50 Mbit / s is usually enough. Enough to stream movies in 4k, gaming is also possible. Large games can be downloaded in 1 to 1½ hours. I think it's okay.
50 is enough for one alone. In general, you can always set your internet line up afterwards. If you want to give the providers more money, they are most enthusiastic about Hellauf.
I currently find my management too slow. My streams break off, hang up, charge every 2 seconds and it's just not fun anymore so I thought about ordering a higher line.
Somehow nothing comes to me. Youtube automatically sets the videos I want to watch in 360p, although as you say I should also play higher frame rates. If I set it higher the video hangs and I can wait 100 years until it has finished loading so that I can watch it without interruptions.
Well, the reliability of the data rate also depends a lot on the provider. A minimum speed must always be guaranteed, but this is usually below the maximum possible speed (e.g. Below the 50 Mbits). I'm at Deutsche Telekom, I pay more there than anywhere else, but the data also runs consistently well.